Fractures

A proximal humerus fracture affects the top of the upper arm bone near the shoulder joint. It commonly happens from a fall onto an outstretched arm or directly onto the shoulder. Surgery may be considered if the bone is significantly displaced, unstable or involves the joint surface.

A clavicle fracture, or broken collarbone, commonly follows a fall onto the shoulder, cycling injury, contact sport or direct blow. Surgery may be considered for significant displacement or shortening, open injury, skin pressure or if there are nerve or blood vessel concerns.

The scapula is protected by surrounding muscles, so fractures of the shoulder blade are less common but usually result from high-impact trauma such as a car accident or fall from height. Many can be managed without surgery, though fractures involving the shoulder socket or significant displacement usually require specialist surgical review.

The greater tuberosity is where the rotator cuff tendons attach. A fracture here can affect shoulder strength and movement. Small, well-aligned fractures may be treated without surgery, though a displaced fragment usually requires surgical repair.

The glenoid forms the socket of the shoulder joint. Fractures can occur during a shoulder dislocation, direct impact or high-force injury. Small fractures may not require surgery, but larger fractures that affect the joint surface or shoulder stability generally need surgical treatment.